If you don't normally read patch notes, I highly recommend you read the changes for 2.1.89 which came out before this patch.

Salvage Changes

• Salvaged items now travel much slower towards the player
• Books from salvage will now travel towards the player
• Salvaged items travelling towards you will now have their speed adjusted based on distance

Mining Changes

• Common Materials found when mining have had their XP gains reduced and rare materials have had their XP gains increased
• Diamond Ore has had its XP increased from 750 to 2400
• Gold Ore has had its XP increased from 350 to 1300
• Iron Ore has had its XP increased from 250 to 900
• Lapis Ore has had its XP increased from 400 to 800
• Nether Quartz Ore has had its XP increased from 100 to 300
• Redstone Ore has had its XP increased from 150 to 600
• Blue_Ice has had its default XP value reduced to 15
• Packed_Ice has had its default XP value reduced to 15
• Netherrack has had its default XP value reduced to 15
• Coal Ore has had its XP increased from 100 to 400
• Stone has had its XP decreased from 30 to 15
• Granite has had its XP decreased from 30 to 15
• Andesite has had its XP decreased from 30 to 15
• Diorite has had its XP decreased from 30 to 15
• End Stone has had its XP decreased from 30 to 15
• Glow Stone has had its XP decreased from 30 to 15
• End Bricks has had its XP decreased from 200 to 50

NOTES:
You can either apply the default XP changes manually to experience.yml or delete it to generate a new file

Sorry about salvaged items traveling too quickly, in testing on my LAN server with ideal conditions they always entered my inventory and never shot past me so the high speed of the items was not an apparent issue.

I've tested the new changes to how they travel towards you pretty thoroughly, they never go fast enough to go past you and they adjust their speed based on distance to you with some speed limitations.
In testing the new tweaks work well whether the salvage anvil is above, below, or at the same height as you.

I'll be tweaking XP values across all skills more carefully in the upcoming content patch due after 2.2. Some tweaks to XP gains will be applied for 2.2.